TIMELINE

A Timeline of events in England, Scotland and the New World.

Date	Event
1492	Columbus settles in New World
1504	French sailors discover Grand Banks
1585	First British settlment at Roanoke, Virginia founded by Sir Walter Raleigh
1603	James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England
1606	Land clearances begin in Scotland – lowlanders moved to Ulster, Ireland
1607	Foundation of Jamestown
1640s	Scots emigrated to New World as religious refugees
1650	Battle of Dunbar – Cromwell subues the Scots
1650s	Scots transported to Americas by Cromwell
1651	Battle of Worcester
1670s	Scots transported to Americas by Charles II
1672	Over six thousand Irish women and children sold as slaves since English rule began
1684	First Scotch-Irish emigrants to America
1689	Battle of Dunkeld – English defeated by Highlanders
1690s	Movement of Scots to Ireland due to adverse economic conditions
1690s	Scots emigrated to New World as religious refugees
1700	Mass emigration to America begins
1708	The Act of Union
1708–90	Scottish emigration – principally Lowlanders
1715	First Jacobite Rebellion
1715	Battle of Preston – defeat of James II
1715–16	Pardoned Jacobite rebels retreat to Carolina
1716–17	Crop failures in Ireland cause Ulster Scots to emigrate to Massachusetts and New Hampshire
1718–75	Convicts forcibly transported to New World
1720–50s	Emigration of small farmers and craftsmen from Ulster
1740s	Western Isles families emigrate to Americas
1745	Second Jacobite Rebellion
1746	Battle of Culloden and defeat of Prince Charles Edward Stuart – surviving Highlanders sent to Caribbean as slaves
1747	Act of Proscription bans wearing of tartan, teaching of Gaelic language and gathering of Highlanders
1759	Battle of Quebec
1762	Clearances begin – Sir John Lockhart-Ross brings sheep to his Balnagowan estate, installs fences and Lowlander shepherds
1763–75	Highland Clearances and subsequent emigration
1776	Declaration of Independence
1777	Battle of Charleston, Virginia
1782	Act of Proscription repealed
1783	Independent United States of America
1828–60	Scottish depopulation, resulting in emigration from Scotttish lowlands
1834	Poor-law Amendment Act
1836–37	Scottish potato famine
1846–51	Irish Famine emigration
1847–54	'Celtic' emigration from Ireland and Scottish Highlands